Infracción del deber de cuidado y responsabilidad penal del profesional de la salud

Introducción: A pesar de su antigüedad la cuestión de la responsabilidad jurídico-penal del profesional de la salud adquiere cada vez mayor importancia en el orden teórico y práctico, en cuyo escenario se pone de manifiesto una excesiva judicialización de la actividad médica como mecanismo de tutela de los derechos del paciente. Objetivo: Sistematizar las diferentes posturas teóricas que en la actualidad se aprecian en torno a la judicialización de la actividad médica y las causas que la estimulan. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter documental a través de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva en buscadores bibliográficos como Scopus, SciELO, Google Académico y PubMed. La indagación de carácter argumentativa y exploratoria se realizó el 16 de marzo de 2023 y de los 30 artículos encontrados que abordaron la problemática de la mala praxis médica, solo 11 fueron elegidos para el estudio según criterios de selección. Desarrollo: Se sistematizaron las posturas teóricas sobre la judicialización de la actividad médica y las causas que la estimulan; además se determina la correcta interpretación de la lex artis como mecanismo de heterointegración normativa del deber de cuidado del ejecutor de actos médicos, en aras de evitar excesos en la aplicación de la ley penal en este ámbito de actuación profesional. Consideraciones finales: Una mayor intervención del Derecho Penal en el ejercicio de la Medicina no es el paradigma político criminal más eficiente en aras de proteger la vida e integridad del paciente frente a hechos de mala praxis médica.

Introduction: Legal and criminal liability of the health professionals, regardless its antiquity, at present has becoming more and more theoretical and practical relevance in which an excessive judicialization of medical activity is revealed as a mechanism for the protection of patient rights. Objective: Systematization of the different theoretical positions that are currently identified around the judicialization process of medical activity and the likely causes that stimulate it. Method: A documentary study was carried out through an exhaustive bibliographic review in bibliographic search engines such as Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar and PubMed. The argumentative and exploratory research was conducted on March 16, 2023 and of the 30 articles found concerning medical malpractice, only 11 were chosen for the study with strict selection criteria. Development: The theoretical positions on the judicialization of medical activity and the causes that stimulate it were systematized; in addition, the correct interpretation of the lex artis was presented as a mechanism of normative heterointegration of the duty of care by the medical personnel, in order to avoid excesses in the application of the criminal law in this area of professional activity. Final considerations: A much greater intervention of criminal law in the practice of medicine is not the most efficient policy to protect the life and integrity of the patient in the face up to the medical malpractice.

Introdução: Apesar de sua idade, a questão da responsabilidade jurídico-penal do profissional de saúde adquire cada vez maior importância na ordem teórica e prática, cenário em que se revela uma excessiva judicialização da atividade médica como mecanismo de proteção dos direitos. do paciente. Objetivo: Sistematizar as diferentes posições teóricas que se apreciam atualmente em torno da judicialização da atividade médica e as causas que a estimulam. Método: Foi realizado um estudo documental por meio de revisão bibliográfica exaustiva em buscadores bibliográficos como Scopus, SciELO, Google Acadêmico e PubMed. A investigação argumentativa e exploratória foi realizada no dia 16 de março de 2023 e dos 30 artigos encontrados que abordavam o problema da impericía médica, apenas 11 foram escolhidos para o estudo de acordo com os critérios de seleção. Desenvolvimiento: Foram sistematizados os posicionamentos teóricos sobre a judicialização da atividade médica e as causas que a estimulam; Além disso, determina-se a correta interpretação da lex artis como mecanismo de heterointegração normativa do dever de cuidado do executor de atos médicos, a fim de evitar excessos na aplicação do direito penal neste campo de atuação profissional. Considerações finais: Uma maior intervenção do Direito Penal no exercício da Medicina não é o paradigma político criminal mais eficiente a fim de proteger a vida e a integridade do paciente contra atos de imperícia médica.

Responsabilidad médica profesional, guías para la práctica clínica y lex artis. La importancia de seguir las recomendaciones de las guías clínicas / Professional medical liability, clinical practice guidelines and Lex Artis. The importance of following clinical practice guidelines recommendations

Resumen La responsabilidad médica profesional es el resultado de mala praxis médica, la cual puede deberse a negligencia, impericia o imprudencia. Se conoce como lex artis al conjunto de conocimientos y habilidades que han sido universalmente aceptados por los pares, los cuales deben ser diligentemente aplicados en la situación específica de un paciente determinado. Entonces, lex artis es fundamentalmente todo lo contenido en las guías para la práctica clínica. Judicialmente hablando, en México el ejercicio de la medicina es una obligación de medios, mas no de resultados. Por consiguiente, apegarse a las recomendaciones de las guías para la práctica clínica es más efectivo para defenderse de una demanda legal por mala praxis.

Abstract Professional medical liability is the result of medical malpractice, which may be due to negligence, incompetence or carelessness. Lex Artis is the set of skills and knowledge that have been universally accepted by peers, which must be diligently applied in the specific situation of a given patient. Thus, Lex Artis is essentially everything contained in clinical practice guidelines. Judicially speaking, the practice of medicine in Mexico is an obligation of means, but not of results. Therefore, adherence to clinical practice guidelines recommendations is the most effective way to defend oneself against a malpractice lawsuit.

Seguro de responsabilidade civil médica não garante segurança do paciente / Medical liability insurance does not guarantee patient safety

O presente ar tigo, pautado no método hipotético-dedutivo, tratou do seguro de responsabilidade civil médica no Brasil diante do aumento das ações judiciais relacionadas à saúde. A partir de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e utilização de procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais, objetivou-se descobrir se a contratação de seguros profissionais teria um possível efeito preventivo de proteção ao médico e ao paciente contra danos durante a assistência. Para tanto, apresentaram-se noções introdutórias sobre esse tipo de seguro e os principais desafios contemporâneos relacionados a sua utilização para, finalmente, se avaliarem as prováveis consequências dele frente às ações indenizatórias. Verificou-se que a contratação do seguro de responsabilidade civil médica ainda não alcançou números expressivos no país, e que a inexistência de imposição legislativa e a ausência de incentivo pelo conselho profissional competente podem ser fatores que contribuem para esse cenário. Com desafios pré-existentes semelhantes, a experiência nos Estados Unidos demonstrou efeito contrário à prevenção, com o crescimento de ações indenizatórias e o surgimento de uma nova crise. Por fim, os resultados apontaram para a solidificação da segurança do paciente em detrimento das adversidades decorrentes da adesão ao seguro.

The present article, based on the hypotheticaldeductive method, dealt with medical liability insurance in Brazil in view of the increase in health-related lawsuits. From a research with a qualitative approach and the use of bibliographic and documental procedures, the objective was to discover whether the contracting of professional insurance would have a possible preventive effect of protecting the doctor and the patient against damages during care. To do so, introductory notions about this type of insurance and the main contemporary challenges related to its use were presented, and finally, the probable consequences of this type of insurance Against indemnity claims were evaluated. It was verified that the contracting of medical liability insurance has not yet reached expressive numbers in the country, and that the inexistence of legislative imposition and the absence of incentive by the competent professional council may be factors that contribute to this scenario. With similar pre-existing challenges, the experience in the United States has demonstrated the opposite effect to prevention, with the growth of indemnity suits and the emergence of a new crisis. Finally, the results pointed to the solidification of patient safety at the expense of the adversities arising from insurance adherence.

Medical errors, medical negligence and defensive medicine: A narrative review

Abstract Error in medicine and medical liability has a long history dating back to Antiquity. During the 19th Century, most lawsuits related to errors in treating surgical problems were settled. However, in the first half of the 20th Century, lawsuits claimed that mistakes were related to the doctor's action: the doctor made something wrong (errors of commission). In Brazil, medical error is defined as inappropriate conduct, including negligence and recklessness, that causes harm to the patient. The physician's fear of being suited is the reason for some practice named defensive Medicine (D.M.), defined as ordering unnecessary tests and procedures or avoiding treatments for patients considered at high-risk. Thus, this narrative review aims to analyze and describe the relationship between medical errors, medical negligence, and the practice of D.M. So, the authors propose procedures and attitudes to avoid medical errors and the approach of D.M.: a national focus to create leadership and research tools to enhance the knowledge base about patient safety; a reporting system that would help to identify and learn from errors; the use of a computer-based protocol reminder; some technological devices to help the medical practice (electronic prescribing and information technology systems); creating risk management programs in hospitals. Therefore, the authors conclude that the most critical attitude to avoid medical liability is a good and ethical medical practice with the proper use of technology, based on knowledge of scientific evidence and ethical principles of medicine - for the benefit of patients. HIGHLIGHTS This article defines medical errors and medical responsibility from a Brazilian perspective. This article calls attention to the risks of medical liability and the unethical use of defensive medicine. The authors propose some procedures and attitudes to avoid medical errors like the use of technology at the bedside and computer-based protocols. The authors state that a good and ethical medical practice can avoid medical liability.

Telemedicina: desafíos para Chile a la luz de la experiencia de Estados Unidos durante la pandemia / Telemedicine: expected challenges in Chile based on the experience in the United States during the pandemic

Telemedicine has had a significant role during the outbreak of COVID-19. The experience in the United States has shown advantages and some challenges that need to be addressed to include telemedicine as an established part of the health system. This article aims to determine the United States' main challenges, associating them with the Chilean reality. In this study, we classify the barriers and difficulties for telemedicine into three areas: accessibility, cyber security, and medical liability.We argue that Chile will have to deal with similar obstacles to include telemedicine as a regular health service for the entire population.

Covid-19 y responsabilidad civil médica: desafíos de una enfermedad desconocida que devino en pandemia / Covid-19 and medical liability: challenges of an unknown disease that became a pandemic / Covid-19 e responsabilidade civil médica: desafios de uma enfermidade desconhecida que se transformou em pandemia

Resumen La emergencia sanitaria provocada por el coronavirus evidencia que los regímenes de responsabilidad deben ser capaces de diferenciar los instrumentos conceptuales disponibles para lidiar con una enfermedad nueva que, además, devino en pandemia. Este trabajo postula que, tratándose de enfermedades nuevas, los principios de la responsabilidad por culpa evitarán que los prestadores médicos sean condenados por hechos o circunstancias que no se hubieran podido prever o evitar según el estado de los conocimientos de la ciencia. Además, en cuanto al problema de salud pública, todo juicio de responsabilidad deberá tomar en cuenta los cambios que se producirán en la lex artis médica, y diferenciar la eventual responsabilidad de los prestadores de salud de aquella que corresponda a la autoridad encargada de controlar los efectos de la pandemia.

Abstract The coronavirus health-emergency shows that liability schemes need to discriminate the conceptual instruments available to address a new disease that, additionally, has become a pandemic. This article argues that, regarding new diseases, a fault-based liability schemes prevents health providers from being held liable for consequences that could not have been foreseen or avoided according to the state of knowledge of science. Besides, regarding the public health problem, any liability judgment must take into account changes to the medical lex artis; distinguishing also the eventual liability of health providers from the one that belongs to the authority in charge of the response to the pandemic.

Resumo A emergência sanitária provocada pelo corona vírus evidencia que os regimes de responsabilidade devem ser capazes de diferenciar os instrumentos conceituais disponíveis para lidar com uma enfermidade nova que, além disto, se transformou em pandemia. Este trabalho postula que, tratando-se de enfermidades novas, os princípios de responsabilidade por culpa evitarão que os prestadores médicos sejam condenados por fatos ou circunstancias que não se podia prever ou evitar segundo o estado dos conhecimentos da ciência. Além disto, quanto ao problema de saúde pública, todo juízo de responsabilidade deverá ter em conta as mudanças que se produzirão na lex artis médica e diferenciar a eventual responsabilidade dos prestadores de saúde da que corresponda à autoridade encarregada de controlar os efeitos da pandemia.

Responsabilidad médica en la emergencia sanitaria / Medical liability in health emergency

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la emergencia sanitaria decretada a raíz de la expansión del COVID-19 en la responsabilidad médica.

The purpose of this work is to analyze how medical liability is impacted by the health emergency declared as a result of the expansion of COVID-19.

Responsabilidad civil médica y contrato de seguro: sobre las cláusulas de delimitación temporal / Medical liability and insurance contract: about claims made clause

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene por objeto dar a conocer un particular tipo de cláusula que puede encontrarse en las pólizas de seguro por actividades profesionales: la cláusula de delimitación temporal llamada claims made. Ésta presenta múltiples problemáticas desde el punto de vista jurídico, que tienen directa incidencia en el ámbito práctico de la responsabilidad médica. Una de ellas, se produce en aquellos casos en que los siniestros no reciben cobertura de la compañía, aun estando vigente y debidamente pagada la póliza por el asegurado, debiendo asumirse el pago de la indemnización por el propio médico frente a la víctima.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a particular type of clause that can be found in an insurance contract related to professional activities: the claims made clause. This clause presents multiple legal problems which have a direct impact on the practical application in the medical liability. One of these occurs in cases where the damage is not covered by the insurance company even if the policy has been properly paid by the insured, and the compensation must be paid by the doctor to the victim.

Do acidente médico à responsabilidade civil médica no ordenamento jurídico da República Popular da China / From medical malpractices to medical civil liability in the legal system of the People's Republic of China / De los errores médicos a la responsabilidad civil médica en el ordenamiento jurídico de la República Popular de China

Objetivos - observar se o regime do erro médico previsto no Regulamento para o Tratamento de Acidentes Médicos perde ou não a sua utilidade prática a partir da entrada em vigor da Lei de Responsabilidade Civil da República Popular da China que prevê especificamente um regime da responsabilidade pelos danos causados por tratamentos médicos; segundo, ver se a constituição de acidente médico ainda é um pressuposto da responsabilidade civil médica prevista na lei citada; terceiro, ver se ambos os regimes, agora de diferentes diplomas legais, requerem os mesmos requisitos e se cada um destes tem o mesmo âmbito. Metodologia - executaram-se estudos bibliográficos e normativos que se relacionam com os dois regimes. Resultado e conclusão - o regime de acidente médico apenas perde a sua utilidade prática relativa à responsabilidade civil médica, mas ainda se mantém a sua utilidade prática de natureza administrativa. A constituição de acidente médico não é um pressuposto da responsabilidade civil médica prevista na nova lei. Os requisitos para ambos os regimes são o facto ilícito, negligência médica ou culpa, dano, nexo de causalidade e instituição médica e profissionais de saúde como sujeitos, mas alguns destes requisitos têm âmbito diferente, como nas partes relativas à ilicitue, à negligência médica ou culpa e ao dano

Objectives - Firstly, to test whether the regime of medical accident regulated by the Regulation on the Handling of Medical Accident loses its practical use since the effectiveness of the Tort Law of the People's Republic of China, which provides for a regime of liability for damages caused by medical treatments; Secondly, evaluate whether the characterization of medical accident is still part of medical civil liability regulated in the Chinese Tort Law ; Thirdly, discuss if both regimes - which now originate from different legal documents - contain the same requirements and the same scope. Methodology - were mainly based on bibliography and the investigation of norms related to both regimes. Result and Conclusion - even though the regime that regulates medical accidents loses its practical use regarding the medical civil liability, it still maintains its utility as a practical guide for administration. The existence of medical accident is not a direct need to characterize medical civil liability regulated in the new law. The illicit fact, medical negligence or fault, damage, causality and medical institution and medical staff members as subjects are the requisites of both regimes. Notwithstanding some of them have different understanding, such as the contents relating to the illegality, to medical negligence or fault and damage

Objetivos: En primer, observar si el régimen del accidente médico pierde o no su utilidad práctica a partir de la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Responsabilidad Civil de la República Popular de China. La Ley prevé específicamente un régimen de la responsabilidad por los daños causados por tratamientos médicos; en según, evaluar si la constitución de accidente médico sigue siendo un suposición de la responsabilidad civil médica prevista en la ley citada; En tercer , analizar si los dos regímenes, que pertenecen a diferentes diplomas legales, exhiben los mismos requisitos y si cada uno de ellos tiene el mismo alcance . Metodología: se realizaron estudios bibliográficos y normativos que se relacionan con los dos regímenes. Resultado y conclusión: el régimen de accidentes médicos sólo pierde su utilidad práctica relativa a la responsabilidad civil médica, pero sigue siendo de utilidad práctica de carácter administrativo. La caracterización del accidente médico no es un supuesto de la responsabilidad civil médica prevista en la nueva ley. Los requisitos para ambos regímenes son el hecho ilícito, negligencia médica o culpa, daño, nexo de causalidad e institución médica y profesionales sanitarios como sujetos, pero algunos de estos requisitos tienen un ámbito diferente, como en las partes relativas a la ilicitud, la negligencia médica o la culpa y el daño.

Grandes esperanças: tribunais do acidente médico na República Popular da China / Great expectations: medical accident tribunals in the Popular Republic of China / Grandes esperanzas: tribunales del accidente médico en la Republica Popular de China

Devido às profundas mudanças económicas e sociais na China a prestação de cuidados de saúde enfrenta sérias dificuldades para satisfazer as necessidades dos pacientes, conduzindo, pois, a frequentes conflitos entre pacientes e médicos e/ou estabelecimentos de cuidados de saúde. Uma vez que os tribunais comuns parecem incapazes de resolver os litígios médicos de uma forma considerada satisfatória para ambas as partes, o Governo Chinês criou os tribunais do acidente médico. Estes tribunais são caracterizados por duas notas principais: por um lado a sua composição, dado que, e ao contrário dos tribunais judiciais, são compostos por decisores com conhecimentos médicos; por outro lado, o facto de a actividade dos tribunais do acidente médico se restringir ao campo da responsabilidade médica, sendo que esta especialização lhes permite decidir os casos de uma forma mais expedita e supostamente mais justa. Contudo, e apesar do grande desenvolvimento representado pelos tribunais do acidente médico, eles representam apenas uma pequena peça da grande reforma exigida pelos conflitos médicos que têm lugar por toda a China

Due to deep economic and social changes in China health care delivery faces severe difficulties in order to satisfy the patient's needs, thus leading to frequent conflict between patients and health care facilities and/or doctors. Since regular courts seem unable to solve medical litigation cases in a way considered satisfactory for both parties Chinese government created the so called "medical accident tribunals". These courts are characterised by two main notes: on the one hand, their composition, since, unlike regular courts, they are composed by deciders with medical expertise; on the other hand, the fact that the activity developed by these courts is restricted to the field of medical liability, thus, this specialization allows them to decide faster and supposable in a more just way. However, and despite the main development that medical accident courts represent, they are just a small piece of the main reform required by medical conflicts around China.

Debido a los profundos cambios económicos y sociales en China la prestación de atención de salud está enfrentando serias dificultades para satisfacer las necesidades de los pacientes, lo que lleva a frecuentes conflictos entre pacientes y médicos y/o centros de salud.Desde los tribunales ordinarios parecen incapaces de dar solución a las controversias médicas de manera satisfactoria, el gobierno chino ha creado los tribunales del accidente médico. Estos tribunales se caracterizan por dos notas claves: por un lado, su composición, que están compuestas por los encargados de la adopción de decisiones con conocimientos médicos; por otro lado, el hecho de que las actividades de los tribunales del accidente médico si restringir el ámbito de la responsabilidad médica, y que esta especialización les permite decidir los casos de manera más rapida y e más justo. Sin embargo, y a pesar del gran desarrollo representada por los tribunales del accidente médico, sólo representan una pequeña parte de la gran reforma médica requerida por los conflictos que tienen l en China.

Practical experience of medical liability insurance and third-party mediation mechanism at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital has scored an initial success in dealing with medical disputes since the medical liability insurance and third-party mediation mechanism were introduced into the hospital in 2013.The paper identified problems found in the practice,and recommended the following:rationalizing the cost of insurance coverage,expanding scope of third-party mediation properly,enhancing professional authority in assessment of medical dispute cases,simplifying insurance compensation procedure,and consolidating the legal status of the medical dispute mediation institutions,for better resolution of such disputes.

Investigation on the awareness and demand for medical liability insurance of doctors：Case study of a top 3 general hospital in Guangzhou / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:This paper aims to investigate the awareness and demand for medical liability insurance of doctors, and to provide policy recommendations for the further development of medical liability insurance in China. Method:A stratified random sampling survey is conducted on doctors from a Top3 general hospital in Guangzhou, and the relevant departments and individual doctors were interviewed. Results:The higher the risk in a department, the higher their awareness of medical liability insurance becomes;the longer the length of service for a doctor, the more understanding of medical liability insurance the doctor has. Medical liability insurance is generally supported by doc-tors with a strong willingness of demand, but they opinions on bearing and sharing the insurance premium are quite different. Discussion:Doctors still lack sufficient knowledge of medical liability insurance due to the lack of effective publicity. The structural mode of medical liability insurance is still relatively vague, and the government leadership and market operation ability have a serious shortage. Suggestion:This paper suggest to improve the relevant laws and regulations of medical liability insurance, to strengthen government supervision and publicity, to build a reasonable development model of medical liability insurance in line with the national circumstances, and to strengthen an effec-tive combination of government leadership and market operation.

Thoughts on practice of medical liability insurance at the hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

An analysis of medical liability insurance practice at the hospital in the past 6 years found that medical liability insurance failed to work as expected in medical dispute prevention and risk sharing.The analysis also found that such an insurance will take a greater role in risk sharing,exposure to conflicts,cause discovery,and responsibility,with enhanced government role in guidance and intervention.Thus medical liability insurance is highly advocated by such means as compulsory execution,coordinating mechanism of insurance funding,prevention“medical dispute profiteers”,and adaptation to new approaches in medical dispute settlement.

An empirical study of medical liability insurance in Nanjing / 中华医院管理杂志

Medical liability insurance is a latecomer in China,and faced with many challenges ever since.This paper picked medical liability insurance in Nanjing as an empirical study example,as the author analyzed the insurance,underwriting and premiums of medical liability insurance,as well as the insurance programs and claim settlements from 2008 to 2012.In addition to noting problems found in medical liability insurance in Nanjing,the author proposed the roadmap for China' s medical liability insurance,with reference to experiences of overseas medical liability insurance industry.

La responsabilidad médica en cirugía estética: obligación de medios o de resultados?: antecedentes, jurisprudencia argentina y española, camino radical en la doctrina y criterio jurisprudencial español / Medical liability in cosmetic surgery: obligation or output media history, Argentina and Spanish jurisprudence, radical way in doctrine and Spanish legal criteria

En el presente artículo se aborda un tema de actualidad dentro de la responsabilidad médica: la obligación de medios y la de resultados. Si bien la primera es la que predomina en cualquier relación médico paciente, existe algunas especialidades como cirugía estética, radiología, radioterapia, anatomía patología y anestesia, en las que la obligación de resultados ha venido a formar parte de muchos de sus procedimientos. Con base en estos supuestos se exploran casos de la jurisprudencia Argentina y española y se nota cómo esta última ha evolucionado al punto de no abordar un caso a priori como de obligación de medios o de resultados, sino analizarlo individualmente para emitir la sentencia y la probable compensación...

Mechanism of the medical dispute handling mechanism and its effects in Ningbo / 中华医院管理杂志

"The Provisional Regulations for Prevention and Handling of Medical Disputes in Ningbo" was issued as one of the mayor's instructions. This document advocates such principles as prevention priority, lawful handling, fairness, convenience and people oriented. Ningbo called into play a third party, the insurance claims settlement mechanism, and people's medication mechanism, which facilitated the 4-party cooperation and enriched means for dispute handling. A year of practice proved these efforts as successful in solving disputes, easing doctor-patient conflicts, improving doctor-patient relationship, avoiding loss of state-owned assets, as well as upgrading hospital management and quality of care of the hospitals.

Responsabilidad profesional médica: Diagnóstico y perspectivas / Perspectives in medical liability

The progressive increase of medical negligence law suits requires an updated analysis of the current situation of medical liability in Chile. The application of a new criminal procedure will avoid criminal prosecution of doctors, transfering to the civil courts the pecuniary sanctions for malpractice. Medical negligence and damage inflicted by doctors that require compensation are explained. The most likely evolution of medical liability is proposed, through an increase in civil liability insurances and the necessary standardization of rules applicable to profesional liability.

Discussion of medical liability insurance / 中华医院管理杂志

Setting up and improving the system of medical liability insurance is the primary direction in and the chief means of dispersing medical risks and settling medical disputes. However, the system currently in use in China is confronted with a number of problems, including, on the theoretical plane, insufficient effective demand by medical institutions, varied understanding of the insurance-covered services by the parties involved, different expected values with regard to the final results of the insurance, and on an operational plane, the legal positioning of the disposition of medical disputes, the relationship between the rights and obligations of the parties involved during dispositions or lawsuits, the comprehension and explanation of certain provisions of the insurance and so on. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to take such measures as setting up a mechanism for negotiations in the trial period of medical liability insurance, opening up insurance market, implementing the separation of medical administrative liabilities and civil compensation liabilities, and encouraging patients to buy medical risk insurance while developing medical liability insurance The goal is to improve the system of medical liability insurance, harmonize the relation between doctors and patients, and thus build a harmonious society.

On Effective Approaches of Medical Liability Insurance to Relieving Physician-Patient Conflicts / 中国医学伦理学

A fair,just,and credible mediation institution is required to ensure the effective implementation of medical liability insurance,relieve physician-patient conflicts,and protect the legal rights of medical institutions,patients and insurance corporations as well.Medical disputes mediation institution,as the arbitrator of physician-patient conflicts,clarifies the rights and obligations on all parties,including doctors,patients,and the insurance corporations as well,safeguards the legal rights of all parties,standardizes and simplifies the settlement procedure of medical disputes,and provides an effective approach to relieving the conflicts between doctors and patients.

On the Role of Medical Liability Insurance on Relieving Physician-Patient Conflict / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the realistic circumstances at home and successful experiences from abroad,this paper holds the idea to introduce medical liability insurance into medical market to relieve the currently tense physician-patient conflict and analyzes the role and function of medical liability insurance.Meanwhile,some problems and countermeasures are also explained in the functioning process of medical liability insurance.